• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Contactor comprising at least two fixed studs, at least one movable stud capable of making or breaking an electric contact between the two fixed studs, and at least one membrane which can deform under the action of a fluid. The movable stud is fastened to the membrane in such a manner that the movable stud is isolated from the two fixed studs in position of rest. The contactor is characterized by the fact that the membrane comprises the following two parts: (a) at least one substantially nondeformable base to which the movable stud is fastened; and (b) flanks which are elastic with respect to the base and firmly attached to the base, the deformation of the membrane being obtained substantially solely by stretching of the flanks, this deformation causing a displacement of the base and therefore a displacement of the movable stud.
    公开号:SU993838A3
    申请号:SU782690860
    申请日:1978-12-04
    公开日:1983-01-30
    发明作者:Шапюи Морис；Маша Жан-Ив
    申请人:Мишлен Э Ко,Компани Женераль Дез Этаблиссман Мишлен (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (5) CONTACTOR
    one
    The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to contactors.
    Contactors are known for detecting the opening or closing of an electrical circuit, and the 5 moving contact elements of these 6opioB have only one mechanical inoperative position corresponding to the opening of the circuit.
    These contactors can be fully mechanical and / or electromagnetic, with the force required to move the moving contact by means of levers; springs or electromagnets. In addition, the contactors can be operated due to the pressure of the fluid exerted on the deformable membrane, and this pressure is transferred to the moving jo contact by mechanical and / or electromagnetic devices SP.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    These two types of smart contactors are relatively heavy and expensive installations, especially when they want to simultaneously establish or disconnect fixed contacts of more than two.  In addition, when the number of moving contacts becomes large, the implementation of contactors suitable for these two types becomes almost impossible due to technical problems, including, in particular, the simultaneous movement of moving contacts and maintaining contact resistances within reasonable limits.  It is known to make electrical contacts of sensors for changing pressure in pneumatic tires in such a way that these sensors have an elastic element with a movable contact supported on it.  In this sensor, a contact mounted on an elastic membrane is intended to come into contact with a fixed contact, each of which two contacts are connected to an electrical terminal of an information transmitter, which they are on and off elements of C2. Such sensors are not adapted to act as contactors that allow you to close or open the circuit when there are more than two terminals.  The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a tactor containing at least one elastic membrane and a support forming a sealed one. a housing in which there is at least one dl channel.  admitting and discharging flowing medium, at least one pair of fixed contacts and at least one moving contact; the elastic membrane has the ability to deform under the action of the current medium; the moving contact is fixed on the membrane and forms a closing contact group with fixed contacts, B In such a contactor, the membrane is suspended by clamping the contour of the membrane between two fixed parts. In the idle position, the free edges of the membrane have approximately flat and circular shapes.  One of the edges of the membrane is in contact with an insulating disk, on which a movable contact is fixed and on which a spring acts.  The other edge of the membrane in its uncooperative position is in contact with the support.  When fluid pressure acts on the edge of the membrane opposite the insulating disc, the membrane deviates from the support causing the spring to compress and bring the moving contact into contact with the two fixed contacts Z.  In these contactors, the membrane bends, which causes its destruction along the length and deformation of the disk in such a way that the electrical contacts are no longer provided.  On the other hand, these contactors are not adapted for using several moving contacts fixed on one membrane.  Purpose: the invention - the expansion of functionality.  Set a goal. This is achieved by the fact that in a contactor containing at least one resilient membrane and an anvil, forming a sealed enclosure, in which there is at least one channel for admitting and discharging the passing medium, at least one pair of fixed contacts and at least one the moving contact, the elastic membrane has the ability to deform under the action of the fluid, the moving contact is fixed on the membrane and forms a closing contact group with fixed contacts, the membrane consists of a central nedefor The mated part, on the surface of which a movable contact is made, and the side part, which is made elastic.  The contactor can be provided with at least one holder for holding the membrane and for controlling the movement of the membrane, and the channel is located in the free space between the central part of the membrane and the holder.  The central non-deformable part of the membrane in the quiescent position is in contact with the membrane holder.  In such a contactor, protrusions can be made on the holder, mounted opposite the central part of the membrane, So. in the initial position there is a free space between two adjacent protrusions and the central part of the membrane, elements for adjusting the position of the holder and a frame with a guide for moving the membrane inside the frame can be introduced.  The central part of the membrane and its side part have a flat configuration and are located mutually perpendicular.  The contactor can have at least one fixed suspension circuit rigidly connected to the side of the membrane, and the fixed suspension loop is made at least partially thickened.  The movable contact in the contactor can be made in the form of a rod, which is provided with at least one pin for fastening in the membrane.  The membrane can also be made of at least two simplest membranes united by a common side portion.  The contactor can have at least two membranes located symmetrically with respect to a certain plane, and the central part of the membrane can have at least one stiffening cable along the line, and the suspension circuit can have a track. At least one hardness cable.  The drawing shows the construction of the contactor, the cut.  The contactor has a deforming membrane 1, a circuit 2 fixed to a support 3 connected to the side of the membrane.  The moving contacts k of the contactor are fixed on the membrane 1.  These moving contacts have, for example, the form of small rods, and they are inserted into the membrane 1 so that their surface is located on the side of the fixed contacts 5 of the contactor.  The membranes would not be closed. Anoy 1.  Channel 6 intersects support 3 and allows either to inject fluid 7 (liquid or gas) into chamber 8 bounded by membrane 1 and support 3 or to remove all or part of fluid 7 from this chamber 8. Flow of fluid 7 into chamber 8 causes deforming the membrane 1 by moving the movable contacts k to the fixed contacts 5 in such a way that these movable contacts are in contact with the corresponding fixed contacts 5, thereby closing the electrical circuit.  On the contrary, the complete or partial removal of the fluid 7 causes the moving contacts k to move to the support 3 with the electrical contacts between the fixed and moving contactors of the contactor open, and the membrane 1 returns to the non-operating position such that each contact contact C is isolated from the corresponding two fixed contacts. contacts.  Such an opening of the electrical contacts can be achieved, for example, by stopping the access of the fluid 7 to the chamber 8 due to the reduction achieved. pressure.  Stationary 5 and movable A contacts can be made of any material with high electrical conductivity, for example, copper, possibly ground, gilded, silver-plated or coated with cadmium.  The connection of the fixed contacts 5 to the respective terminals of the elements 9 can be made of rigid or flexible conductors 10, and these conductors 10, for example, are welded or screwed onto the fixed contacts 5.  5 The membrane 1, as well as the support 3 "" ", is filled preferentially from a material that does not conduct electricity.  Such non-conductive materials can be, for example, plastics or.  elastomers.  The membrane 1 can be made consisting of (43 three parts with different functions: circuit Z, base 11 and side surfaces 12 located between the base and the circuit, and these three parts are rigidly connected and have different characteristics.  The contour 2 has at least the shape of a bulge located in the corresponding groove 13 of the support 3 so as to ensure reliable attachment of the membrane 1 in the support 3; moreover, this contour 2 has, for example, a cable 14, t for increasing its rigidity. e.  the cable is single- or multi-wire, welded to its ends and being, in particular, metallic, but this arrangement is not limiting and circuit 2 can be without cable.  The side surfaces 12 are resilient.  The base 11 has a common rectangular flat shape and a non-deforming shape, so that it forms with the side surfaces 12 a vile 8, the cross section of which has the shape of U.  The deformation of the membrane with respect to its non-working position is caused by stretching the side surfaces 12, the movable contacts 4 fixed on the base 11 make a parallel movement, and these movements are parallel to arrows F.  and F of opposite directions, the indicated arrows of fixed directions are almost perpendicular to the base 11 and parallel to the side surfaces 12.  In this case, the fixed contacts are located at the same distance from the base 11, thus ensuring for all contacts uniform closure with a high equal contact pressure, as well as strict simultaneity between the short circuits and the opening of the electrical contacts, the rigidity of the base 11 can be achieved, for example, by making it thicker more than for the rest of membrane 1, or by reinforcing it with cables 15 (metal.  7 single or multiple), forming perhaps one or more surface stiffness.  These cables may, for example, be parallel with each other on each surface and cross over from one surface to another.  This arrangement is not limiting, since the base 11 can be made of rigid material without cables and of any thickness.  The side surfaces 12 are made of a flexible material, for example an elastomer.  The thickness of the side surfaces 12 is less than the thickness of the base 11 if the same flexible material is used.  The elasticity of the side surfaces 12 provides a quick opening of the electrical contacts due to the instantaneous weakening of the flexible material when the pressure of the fluid 7 decreases in the chamber 8, and their quick opening limits the wear of the contacts 4 and 5.  The use of diverting devices other than the side surfaces is usually impractical, which allows to simplify the design of the contactor.  In addition to its function as a means for attaching the membrane 1 to the op 3, circuit 2 ensures the tightness of the assembly.  Elements 9 of the electrical circuit are, for example, arranged one above the other, let us assume the first element 9 is the top one, and the last element 9 is the bottom one.  The same for the first element 16 and the last element 16.  The systems of elements 9 and 16 can form, for example, respectively two blocks a and b, corresponding to two modules arranged in a row and forming several parts.  The elements 9 and 1b are connected in such a way that the fixed contacts corresponding to the two poles of opposite signs of two consecutive elements form successive pairs arranged in rows of two on top of each other, starting from the top down to connect with the other elements .  Opposite each pair of fixed contacts 5 there is a movable contact k of one part of the contactor.  The positive and negative poles of the elements 16 are connected in the same way as described above with the poles and fixed contacts 5 of the OTHER part of the contactor, with the movable contact of this part opposite each pair of fixed contacts 5.  All of these connections are made by flexible or rigid conductors 10.  The location and operation of each part of the contactor is such that the membrane 1, made, for example, of natural rubber, consists of two fastened simple membranes 17 almost identical, each circuit 2 at least partially in the form of a bulge located in the corresponding groove of the support 3 which for example is made of plastic.  The vertical base, common to the membranes 17, has vertical moving contacts 4.  Each such contact is located opposite the horizontal pair of fixed contacts 5, each fixed contact being rigidly connected to a rod 18 screwing into an insulating frame 19, for example, made of plastic, and this frame can withstand a temperature sufficient to solder the tin of conductors 10 to the corresponding rod x 18,  Movable and fixed contacts are made of. polished silver plated copper.  Fixed contacts are shaped as sphere segments to improve the quality of electrical contact.  The moving contacts may be in the form of small rods fixed by pouring into the membranes 1 before hot vulcanization.  These small rods have pins 20, which further improve their attachment, done in the form of a dovetail.  The side 21 of each rod located opposite to the corresponding fixed contacts is almost flat and is not covered by the corresponding membrane.  Each of the simplest membranes 17 is held from the inside by a holder, for example made of plastic.  This holder has protrusions 22, forming for example, recesses on the side located to the corresponding base 11.  The screw 23 intersects the supports 3 and passes into the holders so that each holder is mounted on the corresponding support 3 and the position of each holder is adjusted so that the corresponding base 11 is located opposite the projections 22 when the fixed and movable contacts are open, t. e.  when the corresponding membrane is in the inoperative position, with the electrical circuit open.  Characteristics of each (1 emrang following.  The base 11 has an external shape of a rectangle, the vertical length of which is about 380 mm, and the horizontal width is 5 mm, the thickness of this base is about 5 mm, the rods are attached to this rectangle.  The surfaces 12 are each about 1.5 mm thick and about 10 mm high, this height is measured perpendicular to the base 11, four surfaces 12 are connected each to the side of the rectangle defined by the base 1 1.  Surfaces 12 are connected between them 14 by a base 11 and rounded 2k so as to limit the danger of discontinuities during the ground movement times 1.  The membrane 1 is made of natural rubber, whose modulus at 100% elongation is about 0.6 IPa (t. e.  about 60 t / mm), and it is molded entirely.  The contactor works as follows.  The membrane 1 is in the inoperative position, a fluid is supplied, for example air, through the channels between it: brane 1 and the corresponding holders.  Fluid pressure, for example, on the order of 2-7 bar.  The membrane then moves to fixed contacts 5 which are opposed in the direction of the corresponding arrow F of a fixed orientation.  The base 11 of this membrane remains rigid, vertical and parallel to itself during this movement, and the membrane 1 is deformed only by stretching its side surfaces 12, guided during their movement by the sides of the respective section and the sides of the respective holders.  The movable contacts k thus contact with the corresponding fixed contacts 5, which leads to the closure of the electrical circuit.  Reverse movement of the membrane 1 is carried out in the corresponding arrow F, the direction is in the same direction as the arrow F when the pressure of the fluid is cut off due to the elasticity of the side surfaces 12, and the base 11 returns to contact with the projections 22.  The presence of the holders allows to limit the volume of fluid required to move the membrane 1, and the fixed contacts 5 are located at a small distance from the corresponding moving contact k in the non-working position, for example, in the order of 2 mm.  In this case, the inertia of the contactor is small, and the response time is short, for example, 0.1 s.  In addition, the flow rate of the fluid is low, e.g., on the order of 30 cm per membrane 1 for each fluid produced.  This arrangement, moreover, has the advantage that it provides an almost strictly simultaneous establishment or opening of all electrical contacts between fixed and moving contacts, despite a large number of fixed contacts, equal to one hundred times no mobile, moving contacts, equal to eight, for all parts of the contactor.  In the contactor, ms ensure the independent operation of each membrane, by providing independent feed and removal of fluid for different channels.  The advantage of this solution is the possibility of ensuring the independent operation of the two modules.  Elements 9 and 16 can be, for example. whose identical electrochemical cells, the anode or cathode chambers of which are fed by at least one common electrolyte, the series being fed in particular either to all the elements or to each of the two sets of all the elements 9 on one side and all elements 16 on the other hand.  The total voltage at the terminals is equal to five times the voltage of each element, t. e.  50 V if the voltage of the casing element is 1 V, and the total current passing through the electrical circuit is equal to twice the current passing through each module.  With a different arrangement of pairs of poles, two outputs and the same polarity of the same part (not shown) can be made, with elements 9 and 16 being in this case two fictitious elements equivalent electrically to this part.  In this case, the two modules coincide and the total voltage at the terminals is equal to five times the voltage of this part, if they have the same voltage, and the total current of the electrical circuit is equal to the strength of the current passing through each of these parts.  This is a solution to bets. The number of fixed and moving contacts, which leads to the division of the current passing through these contacts, which can facilitate the operation of the co-ordinator and reduce the wear of these contacts, can ensure the operation of the contactor at low or zero current during the opening of the contacts to limit their wear and tear.  In this case, a special device is used that allows opening or closing the electrical circuit.  Such a device could be, for example, this contactor.  In this case, the contactor acts as a disconnector, and the current passing through the contacts before opening them is zero if there are no leakage currents, or it can be low if there are passing currents, since the strength of these currents does not usually exceed 500 mA .  To prevent dangerous opening of the contactor under load, when it acts as a disconnector, it is advisable to provide a special safety element 25J that blocks control of this contactor, which is achieved, for example, by having at least one valve located in each channel 6.  The contactors of the invention may, for example, be used on an electric vehicle. The sources of fluid may be a compressed air cylinder and a hydropneumatic accumulator connected to a pump. The invention is not limited to the examples described above, of which other options can be envisaged. For example, the invention includes the following options.  The suspension of the membrane can be accomplished by squeezing the contour or circuits between two parts assembled by welding or screws and nuts, and at least one of the parts has a recess, these parts can be, in particular, the frame 19 and the support 3.  Membranes without a fixing circuit can be provided, such a membrane forms, for example, a cavity, two opposite surfaces of which form each base, the two bases being joined together by other surfaces forming continuous surfaces.  In this case, if you need to attach the membrane to the support, it is possible to carry out this suspension in separate points of one or several surfaces or on parts of at least one surface.  To increase the rigidity of the base, when it has several moving contacts, it is possible to arrange their sequence, for example, in a checkerboard pattern.  Claim 1, A contactor comprising at least one resilient membrane and a support forming a sealed enclosure, in which there is at least one channel for inlet and outlet of a passing medium, at least one pair of fixed contacts and at least one movable contact , the elastic membrane has the ability to deform under the action of the fluid, the movable contact is fixed on the membrane and forms with the fixed contacts a closing contact group, characterized in that, for the purpose of widening of functional capabilities, the membrane consists of a central non-deformable part, on the surface of which a movable 13 is installed and the side part, which is made of contact, is elastic.  2 Contactor on p.  1, which is equipped with at least one holder for holding the membrane and controlling the movement of the membrane, and the channel is located in the free space between the central part of the membrane and holding the body.  3 Contactor on PP.  i and 2, characterized in that the central non-deformable part of the membrane in the quiescent position is in contact with the membrane holder.  The contactor of claim  2 or 3, in contrast to the fact that protrusions are made on the membrane holder opposite the central part of the membrane so that in the initial position there is a free space between two adjacent levels and the central part of the membrane 5. Contactor on PP.  2, 3 or 4, characterized in that.  that by adjusting the element of the holder position.  .  - or 5 6. A contactor in PP characterized in that a guide frame is inserted into it with a guide frame for moving the membrane inside the frame.  7 Contactor on PP.  1-5 or 6, characterized in that the central part of the membrane and its side part are planar configuration and are mutually perpendicular.  eight. Contactor on PP.  1-6 or 7, characterized in that it has at least one non-hanging, gesture MOBILE contour with the side of the membrane connected to the wound.  8 9. Contactor on p.  8, characterized in that the fixed-hanging loop is made at least partially thickened.  ten. Contactor on PP.  1-8 or 9, characterized in that the movable contact is in the form of a rod.  eleven. Contactor on p.  10, characterized in that the rod is provided with at least one pin for fastening in the membrane.  12. Contactor on PP.  1-10 or 11, characterized in that the membrane is made of at least two simplest membranes united by a common side portion.  13. Contactor on PP.  1-11 or 12, distinguishing in that it has at least two membranes located symmetrically with respect to a certain plane.  one.  Contactor on PP.  1-12 or 13, characterized in that the central part of the membrane has at least one stiffening cable.  sixteen.  Contactor on PP.  8-13 or H, characterized in that the suspension circuit has at least one stiffening cable.  Priority points: 05. 12. 77po nn.  1-6, 8-15, 23. ten. 78 by p.  7  Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Haney P.  Applied Electrically.  - Proceedings of the methodology and standard izatsi, Paris, Delagrav, 1972, p.  72.  
    [2]
    2.Patent of France N 2308518. l. B 60 C 23/0}, 1977.
    [3]
    3. Patent C1UA number 3093716, l. 200-83, 1956 (prototype).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA1127215A|1982-07-06|
    ES476665A1|1979-07-16|
    SE7812450L|1979-06-06|
    DE2852337B2|1981-07-16|
    CH628754A5|1982-03-15|
    DE2852337A1|1979-06-07|
    BR7808006A|1979-07-31|
    GB2009512B|1982-06-09|
    US4239979A|1980-12-16|
    DE2852337C3|1982-03-25|
    ES475672A1|1979-04-01|
    GB2009512A|1979-06-13|
    IT7869774D0|1978-12-04|
    NL7811845A|1979-06-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    RU2519956C1|2013-01-09|2014-06-20|Яков Самуилович Левин|On-off and switching mechanism|US2111168A|1935-03-04|1938-03-15|Chansor John|Flexible corrugated diaphragm|
    US2260636A|1938-09-17|1941-10-28|Clum Mfg Company|Diaphragm device|
    US2817727A|1954-11-26|1957-12-24|Gen Motors Corp|Electric switch|
    US2883194A|1957-10-25|1959-04-21|Sterling Prec Corp|Automatic target range|
    GB946771A|1960-04-12|1964-01-15|Berg Airlectro Products Co|Improvements in or relating to airoperated electric switches|
    US3093716A|1961-01-23|1963-06-11|Berg Airlectro Products Co|Snap action switch|
    US3106623A|1961-12-15|1963-10-08|Vapor Corp|Snap action differential actuator|
    FR1390306A|1964-01-09|1965-02-26|Seignol|Advanced electrical contactor|
    US3407277A|1965-10-22|1968-10-22|Controls Co Of America|Pressure switch|
    US3456086A|1967-04-11|1969-07-15|Akin Aksu|Fluid pressure actuated electrical coupler systems|
    FR2057445A5|1969-08-20|1971-05-21|Europ Manufacturing Tru|
    FR2308518B1|1975-04-21|1977-11-25|Michelin & Cie|
    US4038506A|1975-07-17|1977-07-26|I.C.S. Ignition Control Systems Ltd.|Oil pressure switch having improved diaphragm seal|SE431167B|1982-06-04|1984-01-23|Lindmark & Soner I Umea Ab G|OVERSEAS REGISTRATION DEVICE OVERSEAS REGISTRATION DEVICE|
    DE102012200070A1|2011-12-27|2013-06-27|Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg|Pressure protection device for use in dense pipe system for automation industry, has conductive component designed such that deformation of component occurs when exceeding predetermined threshold value of pressure in inner space of housing|
    DE102017011040A1|2017-11-29|2019-05-29|Iie Gmbh & Co. Kg|Electrical system|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR7736796A|FR2410875B1|1977-12-05|1977-12-05|
    FR7830273A|FR2440069B2|1978-10-23|1978-10-23|
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